Allowable Wine Additives That You Don’t Know About

Potassium SquareThis may be shocking for many wine lovers out there, but there is a loop hole in the wine labeling system that allows wineries to omit an ingredient list.  As consumers, we have become very aware of what goes into our bodies and trained to read the “Nutrition Facts”, which lists all the ingredients within a product.  By sheer process of elimination you may assume that a product with no list of ingredients must not include any additives.

Some of us still have that romantic image of people stomping on grapes, with the juice running into barrels, that will soon become the wine we drink.  So why can we not get this image out of our heads and wake up to the fact that the wine industry is like any other.  There are people with good intentions and corporations alike.  And even some unlikely suspects that turn from a small production facility into a large corporation without turning back.  To our benefit, there is an emerging group of vineyards and winemakers, some new and some that have been in the business for years, that want to bring wine back to its natural state.  The way things used to be before introducing numerous additives.  Since wine labeling is so unclear, it is our mission at Organic Wine Exchange to find these wineries, tell their story and bring the wine to you.

Without further ado, here is a list of what you may Not see on a label, but could be added to your wines without your knowledge.  If you get headaches or adverse reactions to wine, it is probably not the sulfites, something on this list could be one of many reasons.

Materials

Use

Ammonium phosphate (mono- and di basic) Yeast nutrient in distilling material.
Benzoic acid, potassium and sodium salts of benzoic acid To prevent fermentation of the sugar in wine being accumulated as distilling material.
Enzyme activity:
Carbohydrase (alpha- Amylase) To convert starches to fermentablecarbohydrates.
Carbohydrase (beta- Amylase) To convent starches to fermentablecarbohydrates.
Carbohydrase (Glucoamylase,Amylogluco-sidase) To convent starches to fermentablecarbohydrates.
Copper sulfate To eliminate hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans.
Hydrogen peroxide To reduce the bisulfite aldehyde complexin distilling material.
Potassium permanganate Oxidizing agent.
Sodium hydroxide Acid neutralizing agent.
Sulfuric acid To effect favorable yeast development indistilling material; to preventfermentation of the sugar in wine beingaccumulated as distilling material; tolower pH to 2.5 in order to preventputrefaction and/or ethyl acetatedevelopment.

Sec. 24.246 Materials authorized for the treatment of wine and juice.

Materials

Use

Acacia (gum arabic) To clarify and to stabilize wine.
Acetaldehyde For color stabilization of juice prior to concentration.
Activated carbon – To assist precipitation during fermentation.- To clarify and to purify wine.- To remove color in wine and/or juice from which the wine was produced.
Albumen (egg white) Fining agent for wine.
Alumino-silicates (hydrated) e.g.,Bentonite (Wyoming clay) and Kaolin: To clarify and to stabilize wineor juice.
Ammonium phosphate(mono- and di basic): Yeast nutrient in wineproduction and to start secondaryfermentation in the production ofsparkling wines.
Ascorbic acid iso-ascorbicacid (erythorbic acid): To prevent oxidation of color andflavor components of juice andwine.
Calcium carbonate (with orwithout calcium salts of tartaric an malic acids): – To reduce the excess natural acidsin high acid wine, and in juiceprior to or during fermentation.- A fining agent for cold stabilization.
Calcium pantothenate: Yeast nutrient to facilitatefermentation of apple wine.
Calcium sulfate (gypsum): To lower pH in sherry wine.
Carbon dioxide (including foodgrade dry ice): To stabilize and to preservewine.
Casein, potassium salt of casein: To clarify wine.
Citric acid: – To correct natural aciddeficiencies in wine.- To stabilize wine other than citrus wine.
Copper sulfate: To remove hydrogen sulfide and/ormercaptans from wine.
Defoaming agents (polyoxyethylene40 monostearate, silicon dioxide,dimethylpoly-siloxane, sorbitanmonostearate, glyceryl mono-oleateand glyceryl dioleate): To control foaming, fermentationadjunct.
Dimethyl dicarbonate To sterilize and to stabilizewine, dealcoholized wine, andlow alcohol wine.
Enzymatic activity:
Carbohydrase (alpha-Amylase): To convert starches to fermentablecarbohydrates.
Carbohydrase (beta-Amylase): To convert starches to fermentablecarbohydrates.
Carbohydrase (Glucoamylase,Amylogluco-sidase): To convert starches to fermentablecarbohydrates.
Carbohydrase (pectinase,cellulase, hemicellulase): To facilitate separation of juicefrom the fruit.
Catalase: To clarify and to stabilize wine.
Cellulase: To clarify and to stabilize wineand to facilitate separation ofthe juice from the fruit.
Cellulase (beta-glucanase): To clarify and filter wine.
Glucose oxidase: To clarify and to stabilize wine.
Lysozyme: To stabilize wines from malolacticacid bacterial degradation.
Pectinase: To clarify and to stabilize wineand to facilitate separation ofjuice from the fruit.
Protease (general): To reduce or to remove heatlabile proteins.
Protease (Bromelin): To reduce or to remove heatlabile proteins.
Protease (Ficin): To reduce or to remove heatlabile proteins.
Protease (Papain): To reduce or to remove heatlabile proteins.
Protease (Pepsin): To reduce or to remove heatlabile proteins.
Protease (Trypsin): To reduce or to remove heatlabile proteins.
Urease: To reduce levels of naturallyoccurring urea in wine to helpprevent the formation of ethylcarbamate.
Ethyl maltol: To stabilize wine.
Ferrocyanide compounds (sequesteredcomplexes): To remove trace metal from wineand to remove objectionablelevels of sulfide and mercaptansfrom wine.
Ferrous sulfate: To clarify and to stabilize wine.
Fumaric acid: – To correct natural aciddeficiencies in grape wine.- To stabilize wine.
Gelatin (food grade): To clarify juice or wine.
Granular cork: To smooth wine.
Isinglass: To clarify wine.
Lactic acid: To correct natural aciddeficiencies in grape wine.
Malic acid: To correct natural aciddeficiencies in juice or wine.
Malo-lactic bacteria: To stabilize grape wine.
Maltol: To stabilize wine.
Milk products (pasteurized whole,skim, or half-and-half): – Fining agent for grape wine orsherry.- To remove off flavors in wine.
Nitrogen gas: To maintain pressure duringfiltering and bottling orcanning of wine and to preventoxidation of wine.
Oak chips or particles, uncharredand untreated: To smooth wine.
Oxygen and compressed air: May be used in juice and wine.
Polyvinyl-polypyr-rolidone (PVPP): To clarify and to stabilizewine and to remove color fromred or black wine or juice.
Potassium bitartrate: To stabilize grape wine.
Potassium carbonate and/orpotassium bicarbonate To reduce excess naturalacidity in wine, and in juiceprior to or during fermentation.
Potassium citrate: pH control agent and sequestrantin treatment of citrus wines.
Potassium meta-bisulfite: To sterilize and to preserve wine.
Silica gel (colloidal silicondioxide): To clarify wine or juice.
Sorbic acid and potassium salt ofsorbic acid: To sterilize and to preserve wine;to inhibit mold growth andsecondary fermentation.
Soy flour (defatted): Yeast nutrient to facilitatefermentation of wine.
Sulfur dioxide: To sterilize and to preserve wine.
Tannin: – To adjust tannin content inapple juice or in apple wine.- To clarify or to adjust tannin content of juice or wine (other than apple).
Tartaric acid: To correct natural aciddeficiencies in grape juice/wine and to reduce the pH ofgrape juice/wine whereameliorating material is usedin the production of grape wine.
Thiamine hydrochloride: Yeast nutrient to facilitatefermentation of wine.
Yeast, autolyzed: Yeast nutrient to facilitatefermentation in the productionof grape or fruit wine.
Yeast, cell wall/membranes ofautolyzed yeast: To facilitate fermentation ofjuice/wine.

Sec. 24.247 Materials authorized for the treatment of distilling material.
Image Provided By:  Wikipedia
Information Provided by: Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.